Inappropriate elimination, which refers to when a cat urinates or defecates outside of their litter box, is one of the most common issues cat guardians encounter.
This behavior can be both frustrating and concerning, and in some cases could indicate an underlying medical problem.
Here’s how to address it:
- Ensure a clean litter box: Cats are clean animals and may refuse to use a dirty litter box. Scoop the litter box daily and change litter completely at least once a month.
- Provide the right litter: Cats can be finicky about the type of litter they prefer. Experiment with different textures and types (clumping vs. non-clumping, scented vs. unscented) to find what your cat likes.
- Have enough litter boxes: The general rule is to have one litter box per cat plus one extra (e.g. if you have two cats, then you should have at least three boxes). This ensures that each cat has access to a litter box and can reduce territorial issues.
- Location matters: Place litter boxes in quiet, easily accessible areas where your cat won’t be disturbed. Avoid placing litter boxes near noisy appliances or in high-traffic areas. At the same time, since cats are dependent on smell to demarcate their territory, try to spread them out evenly throughout your house.
- Address stressors: Cats may eliminate outside the litter box due to stress. Identify and mitigate any stressors in your cat’s environment, such as changes in routine, new pets, or household conflicts. Begin keeping a journal to record the time of day, location of the accident, and any other pertinent details. This will be extremely useful in attempting to diagnose the cause.
- Clean accidents thoroughly: Use an enzymatic cleaner to remove the scent of urine or feces from areas where your cat has eliminated outside the litter box. This helps prevent repeat incidents. A UV light can also help you ensure a thorough job.
- Consult with a veterinarian: If your cat continues to have litter box issues despite your efforts, consult with a veterinarian ASAP to rule out any underlying medical conditions that could be causing the problem.
By addressing these factors, you can often resolve or mitigate inappropriate elimination issues in cats. However, persistence, patience, and consistency are key when working to correct this behavior.